日本語フィールド
著者：松本明子題名：奨励賞受賞論文 アルデヒド脱水素酵素2（ALDH2）遺伝子多型の予防医学的重要性発表情報：日本衛生学雑誌 巻: 73 号: 1 ページ: 9-20キーワード：概要：著者のこれまでの研究成果にふれながら、ヒトアルデヒド脱水素酵素(ALDH)2多型について簡単に解説し、さらに予防医学的視点で同多型の重要性を考察した。母子保健分野の課題として、胎児期のALDH2はアルデヒドの解毒に一定の役割を果たしており、4LDH2*2アレル保有胎児においては母体血液から移行するアルデヒドによる出生前健康影響が懸念される。飲酒関連がんのリスクが高いALDH2*2アレル保有者では、飲酒習慣による検査所見の異常が出現しにくく、過量飲酒の問題に気づく機会が失われがちであり、喫煙関連疾患のリスクが高いこともほとんど認知されていない。臨床の現場では、今後ALDH2多型を考慮した個別化医療が求められると予想される。抄録：英語フィールド
Author：Akiko MATSUMOTOTitle：Award Article Importance of an Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Polymorphism in Preventive MedicineAnnouncement information:Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene) Vol: 73 Issue: 1 Page: 9-20An abstract：Unlike genetic alterations in other aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes, a defective ALDH2 polymorphism (rs671), which is carried by almost half of East Asians, does not show a clear phenotype such as a shortened life span. However, impacts of a defective ALDH2 allele, ALDH2*2, on various disease risks have been reported. As ALDH2 is responsible for the detoxification of endogenous aldehydes, a negative effect of this polymorphism is predicted, but bidirectional effects have been actually observed and the mechanisms underlying such influences are often complex. One reason for this complexity may be the existence of compensatory aldehyde detoxification systems and the secondary effects of these systems. There are many issues to be addressed with regard to the ALDH2 polymorphism in the field of preventive medicine, including the following concerns. First, ALDH2 in the fetal stage plays a role in aldehyde detoxification; therefore, prenatal health effects of environmental aldehyde exposure are of concern for ALDH2*2-carrying fetuses. Second, ALDH2*2 carriers are at high risk of drinking-related cancers. However, their drinking habits result in less worsening of physiological findings, such as energy metabolism index and liver functions, compared with non-ALDH2*2 carriers, and therefore opportunities to detect excessive drinking can be lost. Third, personalized medicine such as personalized prescriptions for ALDH2*2 carriers will be required in the clinical setting, and accumulation of evidence is awaited. Lastly, since the ALDH2 polymorphism is not considered in workers’ limits of exposure to aldehydes and their precursors, efforts to lower exposure levels beyond legal standards are required.