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BCR-ABLチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤(TKI)により,慢性期慢性骨髄性白血病(CML-CP)の予後は劇的に改善し,健常者とほぼ同等の生命予後となった。しかし長期服薬により,高額な費用や有害事象などの問題が残った。フランスにおいて第一世代TKI(imatinib)の中止試験が初めて行われた。以後,多くの第一および第二世代TKI(dasatinib,nilotinib)の中止試験が行われた。これらの試験によって,一定期間深い分子遺伝学的寛解(DMR)を維持できた患者の約半数は治療不要寛解(TFR)を長期間維持できることがわかった。そしてTKI中止に伴う有害事象や免疫状態も含めTFR成功に関する予測因子も徐々に明らかになってきた。さらにCML治療を改善するために,ABL001など多くの新規薬剤が開発中である。このような努力によって,近い将来,慢性期だけでなく全てのCML患者でTFRを維持できるようになることが期待される。
BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) dramatically improve the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) prognosis, and most CML patients in the chronic phase are now able to lead lives that are comparable to those of healthy individuals. However, the high cost and adverse effects associated with long-term treatment remain issues in the treatment of CML patients. At the setout, a clinical study involving the discontinuation of imatinib was conducted in France. Thereafter, several TKI stop studies of first-generation (imatinib) and second-generation TKIs (dasatinib, nilotinib) have shown an earlier response than that with imatinib. These studies revealed that almost 50% of CML patients who were treated with TKIs and achieved a certain period of sustained deep molecular response can stop TKIs safely and obtain sustained treatment-free remission (TFR). Adverse effects of TKI withdrawal and predicting factors for successful discontinuation including immunity are gradually becoming clear via these studies. For superior CML treatment, several promising agents, including ABL001, are being developed. I trust that these efforts will enable CML patients to maintain TFR in the near future.