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中心市街地の活性化と今後の役割

発表形態:
原著論文
主要業績:
主要業績
単著・共著:
単著
発表年月:
2006年12月
DOI:
会議属性:
査読:
有り
リンク情報:

日本語フィールド

著者:
山下宗利
題名:
中心市街地の活性化と今後の役割
発表情報:
経済地理学年報 巻: 52 号: 4 ページ: 251-263
キーワード:
中心市街地、大型店、佐賀、まちづくり、コミュニティ
概要:
人口減少社会かつ急速な高齢化社会に突入したわが国では、戦後の基調であっ右肩上がりの社会システムにさまざまな疲弊が顕在化している。その一つに中心市街地の活性化・再生問題がある。全国の中心商店街の多くがシャッター通りと化し、「コンパクトシティ」や「まちづくり」のキーワードの下で地域の実情にあわせた数多くの試みがなされているが、未だ模索状態である。本稿では、中心市街地の活性化・再生に焦点を合わせ、中心市街地の現状、まちづくり三法と大型店の立地との関連をふまえた上で、衰退の著しい佐賀市を事例に、中心市街地活性化基本計画によって生み出されたTMOの役割を検討し、中心市街地の今後の役割を提示することを試みた。
抄録:
人口減少社会かつ急速な高齢化社会に突入したわが国では、戦後の基調であった右肩上がりの社会システムにさまざまな疲弊が顕在化している。その一つに中心市街地の活性化・再生問題がある。全国の中心商店街の多くがシャッター通りと化し、「コンパクトシティ」や「まちづくり」のキーワードの下で地域の実情にあわせた数多くの試みがなされているが、未だ模索状態である。本稿では、中心市街地の活性化・再生に焦点を合わせ、中心市街地の現状、まちづくり三法と大型店の立地との関連をふまえた上で、衰退の著しい佐賀市を事例に、中心市街地活性化基本計画によって生み出されたTMOの役割を検討し、中心市街地の今後の役割を提示することを試みる。中心市街地の再生という課題は、現在の逼迫した財政状況下では単に中心市街地にとどまらず、地域全体の解決すべき根本的な課題である。また人口減少にともなう少子・高齢化やライフスタイルの多様化に対応した課題も垣間みることができる。コミュニティの変化に応じていくための新しいコミュニティの在り方を、中心市街地の再生を通して地域づくりの中で構築していく必要があろう。

英語フィールド

Author:
YAMASHITA, Munetoshi
Title:
Approaches to Revitalization in Small Cities: the case of Saga, Japan.
Announcement information:
Annals of the Japan Association of Economic Geographers Vol: 52 Issue: 4 Page: 251-263
Keyword:
revitalization, downtown, compact city, large store, Central Area, Revitalization Plan
An abstract:
The revitalization of declining downtown areas is one of the most serious issues for local governments in Japan. The economies of small municipalities have been more seriously damaged by the prolonged recession of the last decades than the economies of larger cities. Typically, store vacancies have increased in downtowns of small cities as a result of structural changes to commerce. Moreover, the population of small cities is rapidly aging, further diminishing their prospects for the future. To revitalize downtowns, the idea of compact cities has recently been propounded. This paper examines the outcome of changes in the case of the small city of Saga, Japan, paying particular attention to the decline of its downtown area, and the local governments unsuccessful efforts towards downtown revitalization. As the center of Saga Prefecture in southwestern Japan, the city of Saga has performed commerce, communication, education, administrative and cultural functions that are significant in the local and regional economy. As in other small cities, downtown Saga has declined along with the regional economy in recent years. New large stores have located both on the outskirts of the urbanized area and along the slip-roads, overwhelming downtown shops. The outlook for Sagaユs urban environment is serious, with increasing problems anticipated. In response, some downtown revitalization and redevelopment efforts have been undertaken in line with guidelines of the Central Area Revitalization Plan, but unfortunately these have been unsuccessful. Principal causes of revitalization failure for downtown Saga come from attempts that have focused mainly on the regeneration of central shopping streets. While significant new commercial complexes emerged in the suburbs, a major revitalization project was also undertaken in downtown Saga. The twelve-story S-platz opened in April 1998. A supermarket moved in on the first floor, serving as an anchor tenant. A number of smaller stores were located on the second floor, a city hall sub-office was located on third floor, and apartments occupied the fourth to twelfth floors. However, tenants had been found for only 70% of the second floor commercial space by the time of the buildingユs opening. Furthermore, overall sales for tenants subsequently fell far below predictions. For this reason, a number of tenants had to withdraw from the S-platz, the Daisan sector Kaisha filed for corporate bankruptcy in July 2001, and S-platz was closed in February 2003. Revitalization efforts did little to replace amenities for pedestrians and the general public that had largely disappeared from the downtown area. Despite the fact that levels of attention given towards solicitation of public participation in revitalization efforts were inadequate, municipal governments in Japan have recently begun to encourage citizens to take part in policy formation. This trend towards aggressive town management coupled with public participation represents a major change in Japanese public administration. In response to dynamic changes in their economic, social and legislative circumstances, the downtowns of municipalities in Japan have been forced to change their structure; downtown revitalization has become the one of the most pressing concerns for municipalities in Japan. The decline of downtown Saga is typical of small cities in Japan, as are Sagaユs struggles with urban issues, in particular its efforts at urban revitalization. Because of the lack of public participation due to almost no meaningful consensus between the municipal government and its citizensbeing pursued, the revitalization process did not reflect the ideas or viewsof citizens. Another factor contributing to this failure the lack of clear purpose in revitalization policy. The municipal government adopted its traditional top-down approach in pursuing its revitalization project to execute the budget provided by the central government. It is vitally important that innovative ideas and proposals from citizens be incorporated in revitalization programs. Empowered to participate in urban revitalization, will not only spur innovation in municipal planning and regulatory systems, but also more generally contribute the creative energy that will ensure our common future.


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